Wastewater analysis: measuring drug consumption
Brings together research from the Wastewater Analysis for Narcotics Detection (WAND) programme, which is used to estimate levels of drug consumption.
The Wastewater Analysis for Narcotics Detection (WAND) programme uses wastewater analysis to provide robust and timely estimates of drug consumption. The method is used internationally and is based on measuring drug analytes excreted by the body that enter wastewater systems.
Since 2021, the programme has collected samples from wastewater treatment plants across England and Scotland. Wastewater analysis provides an independent source of evidence on drug use that complements established data sources, such as survey data, seizures and intelligence, and helps address known gaps in self‑reported measures of drug use.
Reports in this collection present estimates of consumption and trends for selected drugs, including cocaine, ketamine, heroin, MDMA, amphetamine and methamphetamine. The findings provide evidence-based insights that can support targeted interventions, inform public policy, and contribute to a better understanding of substance use dynamics across the UK.